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Environmental Health Sciences

ENHS 603 SURVEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (3)
Major environmental health problems, including water quality, wastewater, occupational health, trace elements in the environment, municipal and hazardous waste, food protection, vector control, and air quality are discussed.

ENHS 604 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES  (3)
Global environmental health topics are discussed with emphasis on water supplies and treatment, human waste disposal, solid waste disposal, and vector control. Selected field trips will complement material covered in lectures.

ENHS 605 INFLUENCE OF THE HUMAN ECOSYSTEM ON POPULATION BEHAVIOR AND THE PRACTICE OF PUBLIC HEALTH (3)
Changes in the human ecosystem during the last decades have altered human health and behaviors. This course teaches students how human ecology affects behavior. The course focuses on the influence of a select group of human ecological factors and population behaviors as related to public health and its practice. Various topics addressed include environmental aspects of justice, social, economic, and ethical issues, exposures to biological (infectious and non-infectious), chemical and physical agents through air, food, water and work environment, the perceived and actual risks of these exposures, and behavioral modifications to prevent exposures and promote public health.

ENHS 606 PREVENTION OF FOODBORNE ILLNESS (2)
This course focuses on public health aspects of important food borne illnesses in both the developed and under-developed countries of the world. Emphasis is on prevention and control of major food borne diseases of bacterial, viral, and protozoan etiology. The epidemiology of selected food borne illnesses is presented in a series of informal lectures using PowerPoint presentations.

ENHS 610 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS (3)
The course is designed to identify, characterize and evaluate environmental contaminants as they relate to human health. Topics include biological, chemical and physical contaminants in air, food, soil and water. The behavior of these chemicals in the environment will be discussed. Integrating appropriate control methods will also be addressed.

ENHS 611 GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES IN PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY & GOVERNANCE (3)
This course examines the public health issues associated with global climate change. It discusses public health policy and governance intervention models, and the current and future role and challenges of policy and governance. It explores the roles of scientific, political and socio economic factors in relation to public health policy development, adaptation and compliance.

ENHS 631 CANCER: CAUSES, TREATMENT AND DISPARITIES (3)
This is an introductory course that covers basic aspects of biology, treatment, epidemiology, psychosocial factors, ethics, health disparities, cultural competence and population diversity issues within the framework of cancer.

ENHS 639 RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH (2)
Introduction to radiation protection of both workers and the general public and a basic review of nuclear physics.

ENHS 640 ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2)
This course is designed for students majoring in environmental health or for those seeking to learn about the fundamentals of the environmental health professions. The course covers basic environmental health practices and the public health significance of these practices. These include basic food protection, inspection of food establishments, food processing plants, sources of food and milk contamination and control, school health, protection of recreational, interpretation and application of environmental aspects of sanitary codes, importance of insect and rodent control, and proper water and waste management. The ability to recognize and control environmental health hazards will also be discussed.

ENHS 641 WATER AND SANITATION FIELD OPERATIONS (3)
Course designed for students who will be working in areas, especially in developing countries, where contaminated water and improper sanitation are the causes of serious health problems. Fundamental concepts will be taken from the classroom to field installations. The course will emphasize the design and construction of water systems (wells, springs, rain collection systems) and building individual human waste disposal systems.

ENHS 643 CRISIS AND EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION (3)
This fast-paced, interactive course focuses on the essential knowledge and tools needed to navigate the harsh realities of communicating to the public, media, and stakeholders during an intense public emergency, including terrorism. The course content will meet the crisis communication training needs of distinct groups (e.g., public health professionals, medical and health professionals, emergency response official, community and civic leaders, the private business sector, and volunteer organizations) at the community, regional, and national level.

ENHS 646 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (2)
Introduction to chemical analysis of environmental samples. Sample collection, preservation, treatment and preparation for analysis, quality control/quality assurance, separation, and spectrometric methods are covered.

ENHS 647 MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES (3)
Introduction to the basic concepts of natural resource management and the impact of resource management on society and human health. Topics include principles of ecosystem structure; air and water management; agriculture and land management; effects of global climactic change and ozone depletion on future management decisions.

ENHS 649 ECONOMICS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2)
Course introduces students to the basic concepts of economic analysis for environmental management and policy analysis. Topics to be covered in the course include economic concepts, basic economic analytical techniques, natural resource economics, and environmental economics.

ENHS 650 TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT (3)
Methods of identification, assessment, control, and disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes, the relevant legal statutes, risk assessment, and case studies are discussed.

ENHS 651 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT (3)
The effect of organic, inorganic, and thermal pollutants in streams, reservoirs, and estuaries; eutrophication; water quality criteria and standards; monitoring concepts; methods of water quality management, regulatory considerations, and nonpoint pollution control are discussed.

ENHS 652 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (3)
One lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Fundamentals of kinetics, colloidal chemistry, basic chemical principles are discussed. The laboratory sessions provide practice in chemical analysis in environmental sciences and engineering, including coagulation, water softening, chlorination, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and nutrient analysis.

ENHS 654 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (2)
Introduction to occupational disease hazards, their evaluation, and control. The history of occupational health, the fundamentals of toxicity, problems of worker exposure to chemicals in the workplace, exposure evaluation and control by engineering, physical health hazards such as noise, heat, and radiation are discussed.

ENHS 655 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT (3)
Contemporary approaches and concepts in management of the environment. Basic management concepts related to environmental issues and decision making are introduced. Guest speakers and student presentations.

ENHS 656 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (3)
The significance of microbes in the environment, characteristics of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses; the response of microorganisms to the environment, microbial metabolism, the role of microorganisms in biodegradation of xenobiotics including toxicants, and pathogenicity are discussed. Three hours lecture and a minimum of three hours of laboratory per week.

ENHS 657 INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (2)
Emphasis is on institutional environmental health and safety programs. Fire, electrical, radiation, biological, and laboratory safety, disaster planning, hazardous waste management, infection control, environmental monitoring, facility planning, and role of the environmental health and safety officer or director are discussed. A term paper is required. This course is intended for hospital administrators, health service administrators, and environmental health and safety officers.

ENHS 659 AIR POLLUTION (2)
Description of pollutant behavior in the atmosphere, effect of pollutants on the atmosphere, vegetation, animals, and materials; health effects; legislative history of air pollution control; standards for air pollution; dispersion modeling techniques and engineering designs for particulate matter and gaseous pollutant control are discussed.

ENHS 660 PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY (3)
Prerequisites: Some knowledge of biology and chemistry is desirable.
Introduction to the principles of mammalian toxicology. Exposure, dose-response, kinetics and distribution of toxicants, metabolism of toxic agents, factors that affect toxicity, introductory chemical carcinogenesis are discussed.

ENHS 661 TOXICOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS (3)
Prerequisite: ENHS 660 or permission of instructor.
The action and mechanism of prototypical toxicants are studied in detail. The importance of mechanism of toxicity of various compounds and extension of this knowledge to toxicants is emphasized. Students are expected to use current toxicological literature.

ENHS 662 PHYSICAL AGENTS/ERGONOMIC HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE (3)
Problems associated with occupational exposures to physical agents are discussed. Health effects, evaluation, and control of exposure to non-ionizing radiation, noise, heat, abnormal pressures, and ergonomics are covered in detail.

ENHS 665 ADVANCES IN TOXICOLOGY (1)
Prerequisite: Toxicology of Environmental Agents.
Designed to acquaint the student with relevant literature and how one makes decisions based on the source of published information and the weight of the evidence.

ENHS 667 HAZARDOUS SITE ASSESSMENT/OPERATIONS (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 762, BIOS 603, and EPID 601 or permission of instructor.
This course provides information and skills to develop a site assessment plan, a health and safety plan, and a quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) program for a hazardous waste or contaminated site. This course includes formal lectures, laboratory experience, and field studies where the students will obtain hands-on experience. By providing a combination of theory and hands-on experience, the course gives the necessary skills and information to sit for the HAZOPER 40-hour course and supervisor certification. By obtaining this certification and training, individuals completing this course are more marketable in the job-market.

ENHS 668 RISK COMMUNICATION (2)
Prerequisites: ENHS 762 or permission of instructor.
Risk communication includes developing practical skills in assessing health concerns and explaining potential health risks or risk management to the general public. Techniques are presented for effectively preparing community action plans, interfacing with the press and other media, preparing and conducting public meetings, and speaking. Skill development is enhanced by several case studies involving role-playing and public speaking.

ENHS 669 BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY (3)
This course targets mid-career professionals who work in occupational health and safety programs. The purpose of this course is to provide students with introduction to injury and disease prevention utilizing behavior as a primary control mechanism in the workplace. Human factors are critical considerations that must be targeted as an essential part of preventing injury and disease. This course is designed to provide an overview of concepts whereby health and safety professionals can recognize approaches to implementing behavioral interventions, such as communication and training, as efficient and explicit means of reducing workplace risk and promoting health. This course is offered as part of distance learning programs.

ENHS 670 PRINCIPLES OF SAFETY (3)
This course is designed to give the student an introduction in the field of safety and prevention management. Broad areas and topics that are covered are management and accountability, policy development and evaluation, hazard identification, job safety analysis, safety training, applied engineering principles (slips, falls, cuts, electrocution, material handling, excavations, confined spaces crane use), emergency operations planning, and social-behavioral aspects of safety. Numerous student and group projects will give students in-depth knowledge and performance experience and introduce the student to the team approach to safety planning and management.

ENHS 672 PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE (3)
An introduction to the field of industrial hygiene. Topics covered include an overview and historical perspective of industrial hygiene, anatomy and physiology of the skin and lungs, occupational diseases and inhalation toxicology, chemical agents, biohazards, ergonomics, indoor air quality, ventilation systems, lab safety, personal protective equipment, hazard communication, and other OSHA standards.

ENHS 674 REGULATORY PROCESSES (2)
Introduction to the broad spectrum of regulatory processes affecting administration of environmental programs by federal, state and local governments. The course will provide the framework of legal concepts, structure, and policy of specific programs. Details of policy development, initial program development, legislation, and rule-making will be discussed.

ENHS 675 POLITICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES (2)
Basic principles, structures, and processes of domestic and international politics as related to the principles and mechanics of environmental policy formulation and implementation. Domestic policy structure and political forces are described and related to international policy and structure as applied to environmental issues.

ENHS 676 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (3)
Prerequisites: Overview course on environmental health such as ENHS 601, ENHS 603, or equivalent; one to two SPHTM courses or a background in public health.
Course designed to equip students with knowledge of the basic ethical principles and the underlying concepts that shape the emerging field of environmental ethics. Various environmental issues and problems (in the form of media reports, published articles, and/or case studies) will be reviewed and analyzed to explore and illustrate their fundamental ethical principles and approaches.

ENHS 691 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DISASTER RESPONSE (3)
This course examines the fundamentals of environmental health and consequence management infrastructure through the lens of a disaster situation. Environmental health challenges that arise during emergencies are explored and operational models unique to disasters are developed.

ENHS 692 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING, MONITORING, AND ANALYSIS IN A DISASTER (3)
This course is designed to provide students with knowledge and tools for sampling and monitoring of the environment following a disaster such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and explosions. Students will also be exposed to field sampling and will becoming familiar with laboratory instruments used for chemical, biological, and physical agents sampling analysis.

ENHS 693 POPULATION ISSUES DURING DISASTERS (3)
The United States is among global communities that attempt to prepare its citizens for potential mass casualty events such as natural disasters, terrorism, or a pandemic flu outbreak. This course introduces disaster theory and overviews the U.S. National Response Framework. Core population health issues that present during the management of disasters are examined. Developing preparedness at the local level is emphasized. Fundamental concepts of emergency management and leadership are discussed.

ENHS 694 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DISASTER RECOVERY (3)
This course addresses the process of disaster recovery as the most costly and complex phase of the disaster cycle. The content focuses on critical outcome standards guiding actions during the recovery phase of a disaster to achieve community preparedness.

ENHS 695 PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DISASTERS (3)
This course covers the theoretical development, history, and empirical studies of the psychosocial dynamics and sequelae of disasters. Characteristics of environmental health disasters, reactions and risk factors, as well as trends in disaster mental health are examined. Emphasis is placed on inclusion of psychosocial considerations in the planning, preparation, and very early intervention phases of a disaster. Vulnerable populations are of particular interest in highly interactive case-based learning through reflection labs for application in situations such as natural disaster, environmental health crises, pandemic illness, or threats to national security. Baseline resilience planning is required of all students planning to work in disaster or emergency response fields.

ENHS 696 PUBLIC HEALTH LAW (3)
Population-based interventions are a major focus of public health. Public health law speaks to the legal aspects of delivering this intervention of the society. This course introduces students to the functions and outcomes of public health law from local to global, and provides a hands-on legal tool for public health protection and practice. It covers a variety of topics such as the powers of the federal, state, and local governments; civil liberties; access to healthcare; liability of healthcare workers; and international law regarding the duties and rights of countries to control the spread of infections diseases.

ENHS 700 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SEMINAR (1)
Students will receive instruction on literature searches, outlining, preparing, and presenting a seminar. Members of the department and invited speakers meet weekly to discuss current research in environmental health sciences. Attendance at seminars by outside speakers is required of all students enrolled in ENHS degree programs. This course must be taken for credit during the first semester in residence, or of study for the degree programs.

ENHS 702 INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 652 or permission of instructor.
Theory and application of wastewater treatment concepts stressing treatment and biological treatment of domestic and industrial wastes. Wastewater characterization, treatment methods, treatment kinetics and unit operations, and methods of toxicant reduction, nutrient removal, and procedures for handling sludge are discussed.

ENHS 703 WATER TREATMENT AND SUPPLY (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 652 or permission of instructor.
Water quality criteria and standards, hydrologic and hydraulic aspects of water supply, theory and operation of water treatment processes, analysis and design of water treatment facilities, and fundamentals of industrial water treatment (boilers and cooling systems) are discussed.

ENHS 705 FIELD TRIPS IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE (1)
Prerequisites: ENHS 654 and ENHS 704.
Introduces students to various functions of an industrial hygienist in the workplace and will enable them to apply knowledge from the classroom to field conditions. Visits range from local industrial hygiene operations on the corporate level to plant and field activities. Students will have an opportunity to observe various industrial hygiene processes in oil refining, metal smelting, power generation, and chemical manufacturing.

ENHS 710 COMMUNITY RESILIENCY IN PUBLIC HEALTH DISASTERS (3)
This course explores several key elements of building community resiliency: population sheltering (special needs and general), alternate care sites, community evacuation, and fatality management. The interface of tiered response is emphasized. Incident-specific scenarios and their implications for public health systems are highlighted.

ENHS 711 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION (2)
Perquisites: ENHS 659 or permission of instructor.
Fundamentals of design and operation of ventilation systems as a means for controlling airborne toxic materials in the workplace are discussed. Basic air flow, dilution ventilation, hood design, duct design, and balancing, fans, air cleaners, and testing of ventilation systems are discussed in detail. Emphasis is on design principles for local exhaust systems.

ENHS 714 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASPECTS OF PLANT OPERATIONS (2)
Prerequisites: ENHS 704 or permission of instructor.
Recognition, evaluation, and control of the potential hazards associated with plant operations; basic equipment used in general industry, such as boilers, distillation towers, reactor vessels; hygienic aspects of important primary materials; and production process flow diagrams are discussed.

ENHS 720 PRINCIPLES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (3)
Course targets mid-career professionals who work in occupational health and safety programs. The course addresses the occupational medicine aspects of health and safety programs including the leading occupational disease hazards, their evaluation, and control. Concepts of exposure in the workplace and related health outcomes, toxicological updates on selected chemical and physical agents, exposure evaluation and control by engineering, and physical health hazards such as noise, heat, and radiation are included.

ENHS 721 OCCUPATIONAL (OSHA) REGULATIONS (1)
This course provides an overview of the major OSHA regulations used in industrial hygiene. After introductory lectures, students will give an oral presentation on a specific OSHA standard. These reports will include background/introductory materials concerning the problem the standard addresses, the history of the particular standard, any prior governmental standards predating OSHA, an outline of the requirements and recommendations of the OSHA standard, any consensus standards concerning the problem such as those put forth by ANSI, and a case study or example of an existing program which implements the standards in a workplace setting.

ENHS 722 ELEMENTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING EVALUATION (2)
This course includes enhancing knowledge and skill in developing and evaluating health and safety training programs. Principles and techniques are presented for effectively assessing training needs, developing learning objectives, designing safety programs, identifying and developing training evaluation measures, designing evaluation studies. Practical experience with the topics is encouraged by case studies and in-class exercises involving health and safety program development and evaluation.

ENHS 723 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT I (3)
Prerequisites: HSMG 603 or permission of instructor.
This course focuses on management of environmental health and safety risks, as well as measurement and evaluation of industrial hygiene and safety performance. Specific course topics include: environmental and hazardous materials management, emergency planning and response, crisis communication, accident investigation, the development and interpretation of health and safety risk assessments, risk perception and hazard communication, economics and risk/benefit analysis and management, and the design of risk management plans. This course is offered as part of distance learning programs.

ENHS 724 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT II (3)
HSMG 603, ENHS 723, or permission of instructor.
This course complements and supplements ENHS 723. This is an introduction to methods of systematically integrating health and safety programs into standard management systems used by organizations. Topics include leadership, strategic planning, project management, management of multidisciplinary teams, regulatory affairs management, voluntary standards systems, professional ethics, labor relations, and "selling" health and safety initiatives to all levels of the organization and the public. This course is offered as part of distance learning programs.

ENHS 725 CURRENT ISSUES IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND SAFETY (3)
Current topics in industrial hygiene and safety are presented to provide practicing health and safety professionals with updates on new and emerging topics in the field. The course consists of weekly meetings that include discussions of the topic and Internet exercises to research new articles and case studies. Students are expected to conduct mini-literature reviews of the topic and participate in the discussions of their research or experience. Emphasis will be placed on the application of findings to health and safety programs. Nine topics of current interest will be selected each year. Examples include: ergonomics issues, indoor air quality, cumulative traumas, process safety, traffic and transportation safety, confined space, regulatory compliance, risk assessment, and blood-borne pathogens. This course is offered as part of the distance learning programs.

ENHS 726 FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (3)
Prerequisites: HSMG 603 or permission of instructor.
This is a survey course designed to provide health and safety professionals with the basic concepts and principles of financial management, personnel management, and risk management. The course will provide a basis for the application of basic business principles to health and safety programs and provide an understanding of budgeting concepts and financial statements, human resource policies and development, and assessing and managing financial, manpower, and facilities risk.  This course is offered as a part of thedistance learning programs.

ENHS 728 INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM STANDARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (3)
Course is designed to introduce the most important EHS management systems for multinational companies from the United States and other countries. The course will introduce students to some of the ISO-harmonized management systems in use around the world. Students will gain skills in making the transition from traditional numeric specifications of government command-and-control regulations to ISO-harmonized auditing systems, which involves root cause analyses of systems requirements.

ENHS 729 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENTS (3)

ENHS 730 WORKPLACE WELLNESS (3)

This course focuses on the total well-being of individuals and groups within a corporate and community context. It emphasizes a holistic approach to achieving workplace, community, and personal wellness. Course includes 20-hour fieldwork experience in the corporate or not-for-profit business sector where students will provide wellness programming to employees.

ENHS 731 ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND COMPLIANCE (2)

ENHS 744 ENVIRONMENTAL CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT (3)
The course addresses the principles of risk assessment for environmental oncology. The National Academy of Sciences model framework for risk assessment (hazard identification, dose response assessment, exposure analysis, and risk characterization) is used to determine and explain cancer risks potentially associated with exposures to environmental hazards in air, food and water. The interaction of scientific methods with a focus on toxicology and regulatory requirements will be reviewed. Cellular and molecular toxicology and environmental epidemiology will be used as major tools in the risk assessment process. Case studies focusing on current environmental pollution issues such as exposures to vehicle exhaust, dust mixture, arsenic from smelters and petrochemical industrial emissions will be analyzed using qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods as well as cancer risk models. This course will employ workplace visits as a hands-on learning strategy.

ENHS 745 BIOMONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL POLLUTANTS (3)
Humans are continually exposed chemical compounds (e.g., pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, soaps and detergents, as well as the by-products of combustion and other pollutants). Chemicals are absorbed through eating, breathing, drinking, and through contact with our surroundings. Although scientists have long understood that our bodies absorb small  amounts of chemical substances simply by interacting with our environment, today’s technology allows researchers to detect and measure trace concentrations of many environmental substances in the body. This course will focus on the measurement of trace compounds in humans, referred to as biological monitoring, or biomonitoring.  Biomonitoring usually involves the analysis of blood, urine or other body tissues/fluids.

ENHS 750 AIR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS (3)
Prerequisites: BIOS 603 or permission of instructor.
Principles and techniques for evaluating exposure to airborne contaminants are presented in lectures and practiced in two-hour laboratory sessions per week. Topics covered include air flow measurement, generation of controlled test atmospheres, aerosol science, optical microscopy, sampling of gases and vapors, dispersion modeling, and sampling strategy and statistics.

ENHS 753 ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT OPERATIONS (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 652, 702, 703, or permission of instructor.
This course provides background for preliminary laboratory assessment protocols required to optimize effluent compliance, process performance and holistic understanding of industrial waste management. Techniques for prototype design for laboratory and pilot plant studies are elucidated specifically for wastewater/residual characterization, toxicity screening evaluations, treatability analysis, and preliminary design of biological/chemical/physical processes. Students completing this course will be able to develop the appropriate testing to assess environmental impact and control.

ENHS 754 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 652 or permission of instructor.
Consists of three lecture hours per week on environmental chemistry, including chemical equilibrium, graphical techniques, absorption electrochemistry and thermodynamics, all with application to the environment.

ENHS 760 OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE (3)
Prerequisite: ENHS 660.
Provides a general overview of the field of occupational medicine. Focus is on those occupational health issues important to the medical practitioner, including trauma, occupational dermatosis, reproductive hazards, noise exposure, occupational pulmonary disease, etc.

ENHS 762 HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 660.
Principles of quantitative health risk assessment of toxicants. Qualitative and quantitative skills necessary to evaluate the probability of injury, disease, or death in the general population from exposure to environmental contaminants are discussed. Hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response evaluation, and risk characterization are emphasized. Regulatory aspects of risk assessment in the promulgation of environmental and public safety standards are presented.

ENHS 763 RISK MANAGEMENT (3)
Prerequisites: BIOS 603.
This course is designed to introduce students to the management of environmental risks. Specific course topics include the interpretation of risk assessments, risk perception and communication, economics and risk/benefit analysis, comparative risk assessment, laws and regulations pertaining to risk assessment and management, and the design of risk management plans.

ENHS 766 HEALTH ASSESSMENT DATA ANALYSIS (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 660, 661, and 762.
Major aspects of data management, quality control, and analysis of health risk assessment databases are presented. Databases that address a specific hazardous waste site or industrial operation will be examined. Students will evaluate the data and prepare a health risk assessment and management report. Emphasis will be on establishing data quality objectives and uncertainty analysis.

ENHS 775 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (3)
An overview of the philosophical foundations and regulatory systems for environmental management. Emphasis is placed on empirical analysis of air and water pollution, hazardous wastes, toxic substances, monitoring, and enforcement. Long-term trends, emerging issues, and future directions for environmental policy are addressed.

ENHS 781 MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER (3)
Prerequisites: MCBP 607 or TRMD 601 or permission of instructor.
Course will allow students to gain expertise in the basic cellular and molecular events that constitute cancer biology. The roles that environmental factors play in the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer will be examined in detail.

ENHS 782 ADVANCED TOPICS: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 653, ENHS 764, BIOS 603, or permission of instructor.
Covers various topics of environmental chemistry that meet the specific needs of one or more students. The topics can be laboratory studies, literature reviews, or lectures.

ENHS 785 RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS IN TOXICOLOGY (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 660, 661, 665, and permission of instructor. This course is open only to students pursuing doctoral studies in toxicology.
Experimental techniques used in modern toxicology research are discussed, demonstrated, and carried out by the student. The course will emphasize current techniques of molecular, cellular, and biochemical toxicology.

ENHS 786 GENETIC AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY (3)
Prerequisites: ENHS 660, 661, or graduate courses in biochemistry/molecular biology.
Genetic toxicology concerns the causes and effects of alterations to the hereditary material. This course begins with an overview of organismal, cellular-induced mutations, and the consequences of mutations to somatic and germ line cells are covered in depth. DNA replication and repair mechanisms are discussed in detail. The merits of various experimental systems for the detection and analysis of DNA damaging agents are examined. The effects of genetic alterations on human disease and health are emphasized in this course.

ENHS 793 SPECIAL NEEDS IN DISASTER RESPONSE (3)
This course characterizes the special needs of vulnerable populations in a crises environment as well as the special needs imposed on a population at large in the evolution of a disaster. The course also how to most effectively apply available resources to maximize community and individual survival under extraordinary circumstances.

ENHS 795 PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT (3)

ENHS 799 SPECIAL STUDIES (0-3)
Students may arrange for individual work on a special project under the guidance of a faculty member. These projects may include work in various fields of environmental health.

ENHS 997 DISSERTATION (0)

ENHS 998 MASTER'S RESEARCH (0)

ENHS 999 DISSERTATION RESEARCH (2)

SPHL 617 FIELD METHODS IN COMPLEX EMERGENCIES
Overview of the basic requirements of displaced populations. Students are equipped with skills to quantify populations and their level of access to basic services for the purpose of emergency response and program planning.